Umgcini wokhuseleko kunye nomenzi osebenzayo weegridi zamandla zangaphandle eziphezulu zombane

Kwiukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane aphezulu wangaphandleIinkqubo, i-40.5KV isebenza njengenqanaba lamandla ombane ongundoqo kwidomeyini yamandla ombane aphakathi-phezulu, iqhuba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla, ukwahlulwa kokugcinwa kwezixhobo zodwa, kunye nokhuseleko lweempazamo. I-40.5KV yangaphandle yokuqhawula iswitshi yinto eyimfuneko "yomgcini wokhuseleko" kunye "nomncedisi wokusebenza" kule nkqubo. Ibhengezwe kubume bemeko yangaphandle entsonkothileyo unyaka wonke, ijongene neemvavanyo zomoya, imvula, uthuli, kunye namaqondo obushushu atshintshanayo. Ngokusebenza okuzinzile kunye nesakhiwo esithembekileyo, yakha umgca wokuqala wokukhusela ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kweendawo ezincinci, imigca yokuhambisa, kunye nezikhululo zamandla amatsha, zisebenza njengezixhobo eziphambili ze-hub ezidibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa.

Njengodidi oluphambili lwezixhobo zombane zangaphandle ze-50Hz AC, i-40.5KV yangaphandle yokuqhawula iqhosha ibekwe ngokukodwa "ukuvula nokuvalwa komthwalo" kunye "nokwahlulwa kombane". Ngamagama alula, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuvulwa kunye nokuvala imigca ye-voltage ephezulu kwiimeko zokungabikho komthwalo, kwaye iyakwazi ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zombane ezifana neebhasi ze-voltage eziphezulu kunye nee-breakers zesekethe ezifuna ukulungiswa, kunye neentambo zombane eziphilayo, ukusika isekethe yombane, ukubonelela indawo ekhuselekileyo yokugcina abasebenzi kunye nokuphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa yimisebenzi ephilayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala ii-capacitors zomthamo omncinci okanye i-inductors, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ze-voltage ephezulu, kwaye sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.

Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-voltage zangaphakathi, i-40.5KV isixhumi sangaphandle kufuneka simelane neendawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezigqithisileyo ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwayo lwesakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa zonke zigxile kwimiba emithathu engundoqo "yokumelana nemozulu, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza ngokulula kunye nokugcinwa". Ngokumalunga noyilo lwesakhiwo, olu hlobo lwe-disconnector luthatha i-V-shaped structure. I-pole enye igxininiswe kwisiseko ngeentsika ezimbini ze-insulators, kunye ne-angle ye-intersection angle efanelekileyo. Idibaniswe kunye namacandelo angundoqo afana nesihlalo soqhagamshelwano, inxalenye yentloko yoqhagamshelwano, imela yokumisa, i-grounding contact static, kunye ne-terminals yokudibanisa ukwenza inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza. Phakathi kwazo, inkqubo yokumisa ihlukaniswe ibe ziindidi ezintathu: akukho siseko, isiseko esisodwa, kunye nesiseko esiphindwe kabini. I-interlock ethembekileyo yomatshini ibekwe phakathi kwe-shaft engundoqo kunye ne-grounding knife, kwaye i-switch encedisayo ixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela i-misoperation kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lweendawo zokuvula kunye nokuvala, ukuphepha iimpazamo zegridi zamandla ezibangelwa iimpazamo zokusebenza [1].

Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zobugcisa yinkxaso engundoqo ye-40.5KV i-disconnector yangaphandle ukuze ihambelane nemeko enzima yangaphandle. Kwinkqubo yokuhambisa, ukudibanisa kweebheringi ezijikelezayo kunye ne-ambrella gear mechanism yamkelwa, engenzi nje kuphela ukuba utshintsho lujikeleze ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye luvule kwaye luvale ngokukhululekileyo, okwenza umsebenzi ube nzima ngakumbi, kodwa uqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwezenzo zokuvula kunye nokuvala iikholomu ezimbini, ukuphepha ukuxhamla kunye neengxaki zokungahambi kakuhle; ukusetwa kwesixhobo somda wokuvula nokuvalwa kunokuqinisekisa ukuba abafowunelwa bakwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye isibambo sivalwe ngendandatho yokukhiya emva kokusebenza, ukuthintela amandla angaphandle ngengozi ekubangeleni ukuvulwa nokuvala kwamahhala, kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuthembeka kokusebenza. Ngokumalunga nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, abafowunelwa abaninzi basebenzisa i-million-grade silver oxide tin (AgSnO₂) izinto ezihlanganisiweyo, ezinokumelana nokudibanisa okuzinzile kunye nokuziphatha okugqwesileyo, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukulahleka komgca; i-insulators ithatha irabha ye-silicone ephezulu okanye i-ceramic, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokugquma, umsantsa omkhulu wokudibanisa, kunye nomda owaneleyo wekhefu lokuqhawula, elinokuthi lixhathise ngokufanelekileyo ukuguga ukugquma kwangaphandle, ukuvuza, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, umphezulu uphathwa nge-anti-corrosion ekhethekileyo, kunye nobukhulu bokugquma bugqithise kakhulu imigangatho yoshishino, enokumelana ngokufanelekileyo nokhukuliseko, uthuli kunye nothuli lwetyuwa, ityuwa kunye nothuli. kunye neemvavanyo zokuguga ze-ultraviolet, ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezigqithisekileyo ezifana neendawo zonxweme ezimanzi, iintlango ezinomoya ophezulu, kunye neentaba eziphakamileyo.